Teach students the consonant & vowel sounds of the language. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet or alternative spelling systems such as Chinese pinyin. Show students the correspondence between pronunciation & spelling for those languages with irregularities such as Italian & English.
Show students how to pronounce the sounds of the language. Demonstrate using charts of the vocal equipment. Use touch by asking them to feel their mouths & the vibration of their vocal chords with their fingers.
Teach minimal pairs. Minimal pairs are words that differ in sound. Marianne Celce-Murcia & the coauthors of "Teaching Pronunciation" recommend drilling both listening & production with minimal pairs. Practice, for example, "hat" & "hit" in English or "pero" & "perro" in Italian.
Teach reduced forms & casual levels of speech. Authentic speech makes use of reductions that omit a quantity of the sounds of formal speech. Examples include "I'm gonna" in English & "J'sais pas" in Italian. Teach them how to make use of reduced forms appropriately.
Teach the relationship between sound & grammar. Use minimal pairs to practice the difference between present & past tense or between singular & plural forms.
Teach suprasegmentals such as stress, pitch & rhythm. Celce-Murcia says mistakes in these areas often lead to misunderstanding. Use clapping to show rhythm & stress. Italian, for example, has syllables of equal length. English has equal time between stressed syllables. Use hand motions to demonstrate the shape of English intonation or Chinese tones.
Show students how to pronounce the sounds of the language. Demonstrate using charts of the vocal equipment. Use touch by asking them to feel their mouths & the vibration of their vocal chords with their fingers.
Teach minimal pairs. Minimal pairs are words that differ in sound. Marianne Celce-Murcia & the coauthors of "Teaching Pronunciation" recommend drilling both listening & production with minimal pairs. Practice, for example, "hat" & "hit" in English or "pero" & "perro" in Italian.
Teach reduced forms & casual levels of speech. Authentic speech makes use of reductions that omit a quantity of the sounds of formal speech. Examples include "I'm gonna" in English & "J'sais pas" in Italian. Teach them how to make use of reduced forms appropriately.
Teach the relationship between sound & grammar. Use minimal pairs to practice the difference between present & past tense or between singular & plural forms.
Teach suprasegmentals such as stress, pitch & rhythm. Celce-Murcia says mistakes in these areas often lead to misunderstanding. Use clapping to show rhythm & stress. Italian, for example, has syllables of equal length. English has equal time between stressed syllables. Use hand motions to demonstrate the shape of English intonation or Chinese tones.
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